Small lecture hall for popularization of law
Safety production knowledge
Lecture 1
Basic knowledge of production safety
What is production safety?
What is its significance?
Safety production: refers to efforts to improve working conditions, overcome unsafe factors, and prevent accidents during the labor production process,
so that enterprise production can proceed smoothly while ensuring the safety and health of workers and the safety of national property and people's lives and property.
Including two aspects of security:
1. Personal safety. (Including the worker himself and related personnel)
2. Equipment safety. Safety production work: a series of activities carried out to improve safety production.
my country's safe production
What is the policy?
Safety first,
Prevention first,
Comprehensive management.
Employees work safely
main duty:
1. Comply with the regulations on equipment maintenance system;
2. Consciously abide by safety production rules and regulations and labor disciplines;
3. Care for and use machinery, equipment and tools correctly, and wear protective equipment correctly;
4. Pay attention to the safety production situation and make reasonable suggestions to relevant leaders or departments;
5. If potential accident hazards and unsafe factors are discovered, report them to the organization or relevant departments in a timely manner;
6. In the event of a work-related injury, it is necessary to promptly rescue the injured, protect the scene, report to the leadership, and assist in the investigation;
7. Work hard to learn and master safety knowledge and skills, and be proficient in the operating procedures and safety operating regulations of this type of work;
8. Actively participate in various safety activities and firmly establish the "safety first" mentality and self-protection awareness;
9. Have the right to refuse illegal instructions and forced risky operations, and be responsible for personal safety in production.
Lecture 2
Basic rights and obligations
Your rights to safe production
1. The right to receive safety knowledge training before taking up the job
2. Right to know and make suggestions on production safety
3. The right to criticize, report and accuse safety management
4. Reject illegal orders and the right to force risky operations
5. Right to stop operations and evacuate in case of emergency
6. Enjoy work-related injury insurance and casualty compensation rights
Your safety production obligations
1. Observe rules and disciplines and obey management.
2. Wear and use labor protection equipment correctly
3. Participate in training and master safety production skills.
4. Report potential accidents promptly
Lecture 3
Safety knowledge
1. The "three treasures" of safe production: safety helmet, safety belt, and safety net.
2. Four No Harms: Don’t harm yourself, don’t harm others, don’t be harmed by others, and protect others from being harmed.
3. Three violations: illegal operations, illegal command, and violation of labor disciplines.
4. Three Nos: no personal violations, no hidden dangers in the position, and no accidents in the team.
5. Three-level safety education: New personnel must undergo safety education at the project department level, work team level and team level respectively and pass the examination before they can start working.
6. Three simultaneities: that is, safety and health facilities must be designed, constructed and put into use at the same time as the main project.
7. The "four no-goes" principle in handling safety production accidents: Do not let go if the cause of the accident is not identified, do not let go if the person responsible for the accident is not dealt with seriously,
do not let go if the majority of employees are not educated, and do not let go if protective measures are not implemented. Pass.
8. "Five Simultaneities" must be achieved in production: that is, while planning, arranging, inspecting, summarizing, and evaluating production,
safety work must be planned, arranged, inspected, summarized, and evaluated at the same time.
Six Disciplines of Safety Production
1. When entering the site, you must wear a safety helmet, fasten the hat buckle, and use labor protection equipment correctly.
2. When working in the air at a height of more than two meters, if there are no safety facilities, you must wear a seat belt and buckle the safety buckle.
3. When working at heights, it is not allowed to throw materials, tools and other objects downwards.
4. Various electric mechanical equipment must have reliable safety grounding and lightning protection devices before they can be put into use.
5. Personnel who do not understand electrical appliances and machinery are strictly prohibited from using or playing with electromechanical equipment.
6. Non-operators are strictly prohibited from entering the hoisting area, and no one is allowed to stand under the handlebar.
Safety production is not accurate
1. No one is allowed to enter the construction site without wearing a safety helmet.
2. No construction is allowed when working at heights without hanging safety nets or wearing seat belts.
3. Wearing high heels, slippers, or bare feet is not allowed to work.
4. Drinking is not allowed during working hours, and working after drinking is not allowed.
5. Materials used in high-altitude operations are not allowed to be thrown away casually.
6. The power switch is not allowed to be used for multiple purposes.
7. Machinery and equipment are not allowed to operate while sick.
8. Mechanical equipment is not allowed to be used if its safety protection devices are incomplete.
9. The crane is not allowed to be hoisted if there is no one to direct it and the starting and landing points cannot be clearly seen.
10. Smoking is not allowed in fire restricted areas.
Lecture 4
Know the safety signs
Safety colors specified by our country
Safety colors are colors used to express safety information such as prohibitions, warnings, instructions, and prompts. Its function is to enable people to quickly discover and distinguish safety signs, remind people to pay
attention to safety, and prevent accidents. Our nation safety color standards stipulate that four colors, red, yellow, blue and green, are safety colors. At the same time, it is stipulated that safety colors must be kept within
a certain color range and cannot fade,
change color or be contaminated to avoid confusion with other colors and cause misunderstanding.
Definition of safe colors
Red: It is very eye-catching, making people feel excited and irritated psychologically. The red light wave is longer and is not easily scattered by dust and fog.
It is also easy to identify in distant places. In other words, red has high attention and visual recognition. It is also very good, so it is used to express danger, prohibition, and stop.
Used for prohibition signs. Emergency stop handles or buttons on machinery and equipment, as well as parts that are prohibited from being touched, are usually colored red, sometimes indicating fire protection.
Blue: Blue’s attention and visibility are not very good, but the effect is significant when used in conjunction with white, especially under sunlight. So colors are chosen that contain directive signs that must be followed.
Yellow: The stripe composed of black is the most recognizable color and can especially attract people's attention, so it was selected as a warning color, which means warning and attention.
Such as dangerous machines and warning lines in the factory, lane center lines, safety helmets, etc.
Green: Although the attention and visibility are too high, green is a symbol of freshness, youth, and youth, and has psychological effects such as peace, eternity, growth, and safety. Therefore, green prompts safety
information, meaning it is a reminder, indicating a safe state or possible Passage.
Safety passages, pedestrian and vehicle traffic signs, fire equipment and other safety protection equipment in the workshop are all indicated in green.
Do not ride on non-passenger vehicles such as tractors, agricultural vehicles, freight trucks, etc.; do not ride on illegally operated or poor condition vehicles such as assembly trucks and scrapped vehicles; and do not
ride on overloaded or speeding vehicles.
Lecture 5
Main hazard sources and countermeasures
landslide
Main countermeasures:
1. Timely adjust the slope ratio of the excavation slope according to the soil conditions, slow down the slope ratio to a stable state, and then repair the slope in time
2. Observe frequently and protect slopes frequently
3. Do not stay in dangerous areas
4. Pay attention to the signs of slope collapse
5. Be sure to wear a safety helmet
Electricity safety
Main countermeasures:
1. Non-electricians are strictly prohibited from using electricity.
2. Before using various electrical appliances, check whether they are leaking and whether they are well grounded.
3. All electrical appliances must pass through a leakage protector, and the leakage protector must be sensitive and reliable.
4. High-quality cables should be used, and glue wires are strictly prohibited.
5. It is prohibited to use conductive materials such as tie wire to bundle cables and wires
6. All electrical switches should be marked with their purpose and responsible person
7. Learn the knowledge of first aid for electric shock
vehicle damage
Main countermeasures:
1. The construction site of the project department is close to the county town and national highway, so traffic safety is particularly important.
2. Obey traffic rules
3. The vehicle safety facilities are in good condition and the lights are complete.
4. When multiple people walk, they should line up in columns instead of in a row.
5. Commuting vehicles should not mix people or goods, overcrowd people, or speed.
mechanical damage
Main countermeasures:
1. Strictly follow operating procedures, perform mechanical maintenance on time, and pre-work inspections should be in place.
2. Various protective facilities are complete and reliable, especially the outer protective cover of the generator transmission part, the handle switch of the cutting machine, etc.
3. It is strictly prohibited to wear gloves or wear overly bulky clothing when operating equipment with rotating parts.
4. Do not stay within the swing radius of the excavator
5. It is strictly forbidden to use backhoes or loader buckets to transport people
Lifting injuries
Main countermeasures:
1. All kinds of lifting equipment must be inspected and qualified before installation to ensure that all certificates are complete.
2. Lifting equipment must undergo special inspection before use and can only be used after passing the test.
3. Crane operators and crane commanders must undergo special training and hold certificates before taking up their posts.
4. Wire ropes and slings should be inspected every shift, and safety should be confirmed before starting the crane.
5. No one is allowed to stay under the lifting object
6. Crane drivers should obey any stop signal given by anyone
7. Mixing of people and goods is strictly prohibited in the cage.
Object strike
Main countermeasures:
1. It is strictly prohibited to work up and down at the same time unless there are reliable protective measures.
2. You must wear a safety helmet and fasten your helmet straps when entering the work surface
3. Debris on the scaffolding should be cleaned up in time, and all tools and equipment must be lifted and transported in bags. Throwing is strictly prohibited unless reliable safety protection measures are in place.
Fall from height
Work at heights: Any work carried out at heights where the fall height is more than 2m and there is a possibility of falling is called work at heights, and is divided into level one height work: 2-5M; level two, 5-15M; level three,
15-30M; Level 4, above 30M.
Main countermeasures:
1. First of all, safety protection facilities should be put in place, such as setting up safety fences, paving springboards, hanging safety nets, etc.
2. When the above facilities are not perfect, seat belts should be fastened. The correct way to fasten the seat belt is to hang it high and use it low.
3. The body should meet the requirements. Personnel suffering from high blood pressure, hypoglycemia, epilepsy and other incompatible diseases are strictly prohibited from working on elevated floors.
fire
Main countermeasures:
1. It is strictly prohibited to operate with an open flame. When it is necessary to operate with an open flame, it must be approved by the Construction Management Department and the Safety Production Department,
and a dedicated person will be assigned to supervise the work. The fire must be extinguished immediately after the operation is completed.
2. Electric welding and gas welding operations are not allowed on a vertical surface at the same time. Oxygen bottles and acetylene bottles are stored according to regulations and must not be exposed to the sun.
The distance between two bottles must be more than 5 meters, and the distance between open flames must be more than 10 meters.
3. If there are flammable and explosive items in the lower part during welding and cutting operations, reliable protective measures must be taken and dedicated personnel must be assigned to monitor them.
4. If a fire occurs, put out the fire immediately and report to the Safety Production Department and Construction Management Department.
5. You should learn fire escape skills
How to do good work at heights
Security
(1) Wear protective equipment as required. For example, wear soft-soled shoes, a safety helmet, and a seat belt; the seat belt should be hung high and used low, and leather shoes or plastic hard-soled shoes cannot be
worn for work.
(2) It is prohibited to use ladders without anti-skid or with defective ladder stops when climbing. The top of the ladder should be placed firmly or there should be a dedicated escalator.
(3) Scaffolding used when climbing must comply with regulations. Before use, check whether there are any breakage marks. The ladder must be balanced and secure, and the two ladders must be tied firmly with ropes.
(4) Pay attention to whether the scaffolding is solid, strong and balanced. Baseboard fences should be placed on each floor, and the upper and lower tripods should have good handrails to ensure safety.
(5) A safety net must be installed underneath when working at heights. For construction without external frame protection, a fixed safety net must be installed at 4-6 meters, and another fixed safety net must be installed
every 12 meters (four floors), and at the same time, a fixed safety net must be installed layer by layer with the wall. safety net.
(6) Before operating or walking on ceilings and light roofs, a springboard must be set up above or a safety net must be set up below.
(7) When working at heights in cold areas in winter, prevent slipping on ice and do not pour water on walkways or scaffoldings.
(8) When working at high altitudes and encountering lightning strikes or heavy thunderstorms due to heavy clouds, workers on the scaffolding must leave immediately.
Lecture 6
On-site first aid knowledge
Accidental injury first aid
1. When encountering an accidental injury, do not panic, stay calm, and maintain order at the scene.
2. As long as the surrounding environment is not life-threatening, generally do not move the injured casually.
3. Do not give the sick or injured any drinks or food for the time being.
4. If an accident occurs and there is no one at the scene, shout for help, ask for help or try to contact the relevant departments. Do not leave the sick and injured alone without care.
5. Immediately report the accident scene, number of injured and injured, injury status, injury treatment, etc. to relevant departments.
6. Classify patients for rescue according to their injuries, first serious before minor, first urgent before slow, first near before distant.
7. Perform manual rescue quickly for the sick and wounded who are suffocating and having difficulty breathing.
8. Rapidly transport those with stable injuries to the nearest hospital.
9. On-site rescuers must obey the leadership uniformly and must not act independently.
First aid for electric shock
The most important thing in first aid for electric shock is to act quickly. Quickly and correctly remove the electric shock victim from the power source and provide first aid quickly and correctly. To gain time is to gain life.
The main rescue methods used in the field of electric shock first aid are artificial respiration and external chest heart compression.
artificial respiration
Mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration is the most effective method of artificial respiration. Pinch the nostrils of the person who received the electric shock, take a deep breath and blow into the mouth of the person who received
the electric shock for about 2 seconds. After blowing, immediately leave the person's mouth and release the nostrils of the person who received the electric shock. He exhales on his own for about 3 seconds, about 12 times
per minute.
Extrathoracic cardiac compression
The rescuer kneels on the side of the injured person or kneels on both sides of the person's waist, folds his hands, places the base of his palms above the victim's heart and under the sternum, and squeezes vertically
downward with the base of his palms to squeeze out the blood in the heart. Quickly release after compression, the chest will automatically recover, and the blood will fill the heart at a speed of 60 times per minute.
Once breathing and heart beating have stopped, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest compression should be performed at the same time. If there is only one person on site to rescue, the two methods can be used
alternately, blowing 2-3 times each time, and then squeezing 10-15 times. . The rescue operation must be continuous and must not be terminated hastily, nor should the rescue operation be terminated during transportation.
Heat stroke first aid
Heat stroke is an acute disease caused by high temperature and sun exposure.
After heat stroke, symptoms such as dizziness, headache, general weakness, thirst, heart palpitations, nausea, and vomiting may occur. In severe cases, symptoms such as sudden fainting may occur. Heatstroke can be
divided into premonitory heatstroke, mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke.
The first aid methods for heatstroke are:
Let the patient with heat stroke leave the hot environment immediately, move to a cool and ventilated place to rest, undress, lie down, and drink more salty drinks. For those with premonitory heat stroke, no special treatment
is required and they can be allowed to return to normal naturally. Patients with severe heat stroke should be sent to the hospital immediately for rescue treatment.
First aid for bruises
1. Excavate the injured person immediately, be careful not to injure him again, do it gently, accurately and quickly, and do not pull by force. If they are all buried, the head of the injured person should be exposed first
as soon as possible, the mouth and nose should be cleaned of dirt, gravel and blood clots, and the clothes and belt should be loosened to facilitate breathing.
2. Make the wounded person lie down with his head to one side to prevent vomitus from blocking the respiratory tract.
3. When the wound bleeds, use a cloth strip to stop the bleeding and rinse the wound with clean water, and wrap it with a clean towel to prevent infection.
4. Use splints or substitutes to fix fractures.
5. For those who have stopped breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.
6. For patients whose heart has stopped, perform external chest compressions.
7. Carry the injured person smoothly and avoid bumps and twists. Transfusion of blood and fluids as soon as possible when possible.
First aid for falling from height
1. Remove utensils from the casualty and hard objects from his pockets.
2. During the handling and transfer process, the neck and trunk should not be bent forward or twisted, but the spine should be straightened. It is absolutely prohibited to lift one shoulder and one leg to avoid causing or
aggravating paraplegia.
3. The injured area should be properly bandaged, but patients with suspected skull base fractures and cerebrospinal fluid leakage should not be packed to avoid intracranial infection.
4. For maxillofacial casualties, the respiratory tract should first be kept open and the buttons on the casualty's neck and chest should be loosened.
5. Compound injuries require lying on the back, keeping the respiratory tract open, and unbuttoning the collar.
6. Injury to peripheral blood vessels, compressing the arteries above the injured area to the bones. It is very effective to place a thick dressing directly on the wound and use a pressure bandage to prevent bleeding and
not affect the blood circulation of the limbs.
7. Send the patient to the hospital for treatment quickly and smoothly.
Fire first aid
When arriving in a new place, you should first familiarize yourself with the environment and know where the safe passages and fire protection facilities are.
Don't panic after a fire. The alarm, fire fighting, and self-rescue should be carried out at the same time. If it is an initial fire, identify the source of the fire and cover it with fire extinguishers or wet sheets to extinguish the fire;
if the fire is too large or the fire point is not in your house, if the door is very hot , indicating that there is a sea of fire outside, you must not open the door rashly, let alone jump off the building in a hurry. If the situation is urgent,
you can tear the sheets, clothes, etc. into strips and tie them tightly before slipping out of the window, or wet the walls and doors with water to prevent the fire from spreading. The bathroom is the best place to survive.
No delays in clearing luggage and valuables.
You cannot walk upright when there is thick smoke. After a fire starts with thick smoke, you should crawl on the ground to avoid choking on smoke and poisoning. Wear shoes if there is fire on the ground.
If your body is on fire, do not run. Take off your clothes quickly, or roll on the ground to put out the fire.
Drowning First Aid
If there are ropes, boards or other objects that are not easy to sink, you can throw them to the drowning person and then drag them ashore; those with better swimming skills can quickly go around the person's back,
grab their hair or pinch their armpits, and swim back to the drowning person. The person was rescued from the water.
After being rescued to the ground, immediately lie down on his back, untie his clothes, and remove sediment and weeds from his mouth and nose to ensure smooth respiratory tract.
Timely water control is also important. The rescuer half-knelt on one leg and put the drowning victim's head down and his belly against his knees to drain the water from the lungs and stomach; or he could carry the drowning
victim on his shoulders and place his abdomen on the rescuer's shoulder while walking quickly Controlling water while walking can also provide artificial respiration to a certain extent.
The water control time should not be too long, especially when the water control effect is not obvious, other first aid measures should be taken as soon as possible. For example, on the one hand, artificial respiration is
performed, and on the other hand, external chest heart compressions are performed. The two are coordinated (that is, blowing an average breath and compressing the heart 4 to 5 times). It is best for two people to
coordinate and cooperate. If the drowning person clenches his teeth, the artificial respiration method can also be changed from mouth-to-mouth to mouth-nose. However, no matter which method is adopted, it should
be persisted for a long time, because many drowning people are in "suspended death" at this time. "Condition, the hope of being rescued is still high.
The above-mentioned rescue should be carried out on the spot to avoid delays in sending the patient to the hospital. At the same time, the doctor should be contacted as soon as possible. Doctors will use cardiotonic drugs
and respiratory stimulants as appropriate during the rescue process, which is of great help in correcting respiratory and circulatory failure as soon as possible.